
The standards in this report harmonise and, where appropriate, strengthen the existing international standards for payment systems that are systemically important, central securities depositories (CSDs), securities settlement systems (SSSs), and central counterparties (CCPs). The revised standards also incorporate additional guidance for over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives CCPs and trade repositories (TRs). In general, these standards are expressed as broad principles in recognition that FMIs can differ in organisation, function, and design, and that there are often different ways to achieve a particular result.

